% skopeo-copy(1)

## NAME
skopeo\-copy - Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.

## SYNOPSIS
**skopeo copy** [*options*] _source-image_ _destination-image_

## DESCRIPTION
Copy an image (manifest, filesystem layers, signatures) from one location to another.

Uses the system's trust policy to validate images, rejects images not trusted by the policy.

  _source-image_ use the "image name" format described above

  _destination-image_ use the "image name" format described above

_source-image_ and _destination-image_ are interpreted completely independently; e.g. the destination name does not
automatically inherit any parts of the source name.

## OPTIONS

**--additional-tag**=_strings_

Additional tags (supports docker-archive).

**--all**, **-a**

If _source-image_ refers to a list of images, instead of copying just the image which matches the current OS and
architecture (subject to the use of the global --override-os, --override-arch and --override-variant options), attempt to copy all of
the images in the list, and the list itself.

**--authfile** _path_

Path of the authentication file. Default is ${XDG_RUNTIME\_DIR}/containers/auth.json, which is set using `skopeo login`.
If the authorization state is not found there, $HOME/.docker/config.json is checked, which is set using `docker login`.

Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the REGISTRY\_AUTH\_FILE
environment variable. `export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=path`

**--src-authfile** _path_

Path of the authentication file for the source registry. Uses path given by `--authfile`, if not provided.

**--dest-authfile** _path_

Path of the authentication file for the destination registry. Uses path given by `--authfile`, if not provided.

**--dest-shared-blob-dir** _directory_

Directory to use to share blobs across OCI repositories.

**--digestfile** _path_

After copying the image, write the digest of the resulting image to the file.

**--encrypt-layer** _ints_

*Experimental* the 0-indexed layer indices, with support for negative indexing (e.g. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer)

**--format**, **-f** _manifest-type_

MANIFEST TYPE (oci, v2s1, or v2s2) to use in the destination (default is manifest type of source, with fallbacks)

**--help**, **-h**

Print usage statement

**--quiet**, **-q**

Suppress output information when copying images.

**--remove-signatures**

Do not copy signatures, if any, from _source-image_. Necessary when copying a signed image to a destination which does not support signatures.

**--sign-by**=_key-id_

Add a signature using that key ID for an image name corresponding to _destination-image_

**--src-shared-blob-dir** _directory_

Directory to use to share blobs across OCI repositories.

**--encryption-key** _protocol:keyfile_

Specifies the encryption protocol, which can be JWE (RFC7516), PGP (RFC4880), and PKCS7 (RFC2315) and the key material required for image encryption. For instance, jwe:/path/to/key.pem or pgp:admin@example.com or pkcs7:/path/to/x509-file.

**--decryption-key** _key[:passphrase]_

Key to be used for decryption of images. Key can point to keys and/or certificates. Decryption will be tried with all keys. If the key is protected by a passphrase, it is required to be passed in the argument and omitted otherwise.

**--src-creds** _username[:password]_

Credentials for accessing the source registry.

**--dest-compress** _bool-value_

Compress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source).

**--dest-decompress** _bool-value_

Decompress tarball image layers when saving to directory using the 'dir' transport. (default is same compression type as source).

**--dest-oci-accept-uncompressed-layers** _bool-value_

Allow uncompressed image layers when saving to an OCI image using the 'oci' transport. (default is to compress things that aren't compressed).

**--dest-creds** _username[:password]_

Credentials for accessing the destination registry.

**--src-cert-dir** _path_

Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the source registry or daemon.

**--src-no-creds** _bool-value_

Access the registry anonymously.

**--src-tls-verify** _bool-value_

Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container source registry or daemon. Default to source registry setting.

**--dest-cert-dir** _path_

Use certificates at _path_ (*.crt, *.cert, *.key) to connect to the destination registry or daemon.

**--dest-no-creds** _bool-value_

Access the registry anonymously.

**--dest-tls-verify** _bool-value_

Require HTTPS and verify certificates when talking to container destination registry or daemon. Default to destination registry setting.

**--src-daemon-host** _host_

Copy from docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).

**--dest-daemon-host** _host_

Copy to docker daemon at _host_. If _host_ starts with `tcp://`, HTTPS is enabled by default. To use plain HTTP, use the form `http://` (default is `unix:///var/run/docker.sock`).

Existing signatures, if any, are preserved as well.

**--dest-compress-format** _format_

Specifies the compression format to use.  Supported values are: `gzip` and `zstd`.

**--dest-compress-level** _format_

Specifies the compression level to use.  The value is specific to the compression algorithm used, e.g. for zstd the accepted values are in the range 1-20 (inclusive), while for gzip it is 1-9 (inclusive).

**--src-registry-token** _token_

Bearer token for accessing the source registry.

**--dest-registry-token** _token_

Bearer token for accessing the destination registry.

**--retry-times**

The number of times to retry. Retry wait time will be exponentially increased based on the number of failed attempts.

## EXAMPLES

To just copy an image from one registry to another:
```sh
$ skopeo copy docker://quay.io/skopeo/stable:latest docker://registry.example.com/skopeo:latest
```

To copy the layers of the docker.io busybox image to a local directory:
```sh
$ mkdir -p /var/lib/images/busybox
$ skopeo copy docker://busybox:latest dir:/var/lib/images/busybox
$ ls /var/lib/images/busybox/*
  /tmp/busybox/2b8fd9751c4c0f5dd266fcae00707e67a2545ef34f9a29354585f93dac906749.tar
  /tmp/busybox/manifest.json
  /tmp/busybox/8ddc19f16526912237dd8af81971d5e4dd0587907234be2b83e249518d5b673f.tar
```

To copy and sign an image:

```sh
# skopeo copy --sign-by dev@example.com containers-storage:example/busybox:streaming docker://example/busybox:gold
```

To encrypt an image:
```sh
skopeo copy docker://docker.io/library/nginx:1.17.8 oci:local_nginx:1.17.8

openssl genrsa -out private.key 1024
openssl rsa -in private.key -pubout > public.key

skopeo  copy --encryption-key jwe:./public.key oci:local_nginx:1.17.8 oci:try-encrypt:encrypted
```

To decrypt an image:
```sh
skopeo copy --decryption-key ./private.key oci:try-encrypt:encrypted oci:try-decrypt:decrypted
```

To copy encrypted image without decryption:
```sh
skopeo copy oci:try-encrypt:encrypted oci:try-encrypt-copy:encrypted
```

To decrypt an image that requires more than one key:
```sh
skopeo copy --decryption-key ./private1.key --decryption-key ./private2.key --decryption-key ./private3.key oci:try-encrypt:encrypted oci:try-decrypt:decrypted
```

Container images can also be partially encrypted by specifying the index of the layer. Layers are 0-indexed indices, with support for negative indexing. i.e. 0 is the first layer, -1 is the last layer.

Let's say out of 3 layers that the image `docker.io/library/nginx:1.17.8` is made up of, we only want to encrypt the 2nd layer,
```sh
skopeo  copy --encryption-key jwe:./public.key --encrypt-layer 1 oci:local_nginx:1.17.8 oci:try-encrypt:encrypted
```

## SEE ALSO
skopeo(1), skopeo-login(1), docker-login(1), containers-auth.json(5), containers-policy.json(5), containers-transports(5), containers-signature(5)

## AUTHORS

Antonio Murdaca <runcom@redhat.com>, Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>, Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>
